English Composition/Sentence Writing (Part 1) - Revision history

Admin at 09:56, 14 November 2019

Admin — Thu, 14 Nov 2019 09:56:53 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:56, 14 November 2019
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	*<span class="pops"> [[cai2_en:ENGWRI00010005\|Go to CAI Exercise page]] </span>		*<span class="pops"> [[cai2_en:ENGWRI00010005\|Go to CAI Exercise page]] </span>
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		+	[[en:English_Composition/Sentence_Writing_(Part_1)]]
		+	[[ja:英作文/センテンス・ライティング_(Part_1)]]

Admin at 10:21, 30 March 2019

Admin — Sat, 30 Mar 2019 10:21:06 GMT

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Admin at 05:16, 29 March 2019

Admin — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 05:16:39 GMT

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Admin at 00:40, 29 March 2019

Admin — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 00:40:44 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:40, 29 March 2019
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	==== must, have to ====		==== must, have to ====

-	~~確実な推測の'''~~must~~'''~~	+	"must" expresses the sure guess

	Example:		Example:

-	□ The weather was very nice during their vacation, so they '''must''' have had a good time.	+	:: □ The weather was very nice during their vacation, so they '''must''' have had a good time.
-	~~（彼らの休暇中はとても天気が良かったので、彼らは楽しんだに違いない。）~~	+	:: □ Nobody answer the phone. They '''must not''' be home.

-	~~□ Nobody answer~~ the ~~phone. They '''must not''' be home.~~	+	"must" expresses the present and future obligations and required actions
-	~~（誰も電話に出ないから彼らは留守に違いない。）~~	+
-		+
-	~~現在や未来の義務、必要な行動を表す'''must'''~~	+

	Example:		Example:

-	□ You '''must '''wear a seat belt when you are in a car.	+	:: □ You '''must '''wear a seat belt when you are in a car.
-	~~（車の中ではシートベルトを着用のこと。）~~	+	:: □ This application form '''must''' be mailed by today.

-	~~□ This application form~~ '''must''' ~~be mailed by today.~~	+	'''have to''' and '''must'''
-	~~（この申請書は今日中に郵送しなければならない。）~~	+

-	~~＞＞ '''~~have to~~''' と'''~~must~~'''~~	+	"have to" is not an auxiliary verb, but it expresses duties and needs in the same way as "must".
-		+	Use "do (not) / does (not) / did (not)" for questions and negative sentences.
-	~~Have toは助動詞ではありませんがmustと同じように義務や必要を表現します。疑問文や否定文ではdo~~(not)/does(not)/did(not)~~を使います。~~	+	Also, since "must" can be used only in the present and future, use "had to" when in the past.
-	~~また、Mustは現在と未来でしか使えませんので過去形のときはhad toを使います。~~	+

	Example:		Example:

-	□ Julie '''has to''' take her mother to the hospital this morning.	+	:: □ Julie '''has to''' take her mother to the hospital this morning.
-	（'''~~Julie~~'''~~は今朝お母さんを病院に連れて行かなければならない。）~~	+	:: □ You don't '''have to''' use public transportation to work. You can walk.
		+	:: □ This application form '''had to''' be mailed by yesterday.
		+	:: □ What do I '''have to''' do to get a letter of recommendation?

-	~~□ You don't '''have to''' use public transportation to work. You can walk.~~	+	Note: '''must not (mustn't) ''' has a different meaning of '''don't / doesn't have to'''
-	~~（仕事へ行くのに公共交通機関を使う必要はない。歩いて行けるよ。）~~	+
-		+
-	~~□ This application form '''had to''' be mailed by yesterday.~~	+
-	~~（この申請書は昨日までに郵送しなければならなかった。）~~	+
-		+
-	~~□ What do I '''have to''' do to get a letter of recommendation?~~	+
-	~~（推薦状をもらうには何をする必要がありますか？）~~	+
-		+
-	注：'''must not~~'''~~ (mustn't) と'''don't/doesn't have to'''~~では意味が異なります。~~	+

	Example:		Example:

-	□ You '''must not''' go out now.	+	:: □ You '''must not''' go out now.
-	~~（いま外に出てはいけません。）~~	+	:: □ You '''don't have to''' go out now.
-		+
-	□ You '''don't have to''' go out now.	+
-	~~（いま外に出る必要はありません＝出たければ出ても良い）~~	+

	==== may, might ====		==== may, might ====

-	~~許可の'''~~may, might~~'''~~	+	"may / might" express the permission
-		+
-	~~'''can'''を使用するほうが一般的です。~~	+
-		+
-	~~□ You '''may''' not go out alone after 10 o'clock at night.~~	+
-	~~（夜10時以降は独りで外出してはいけません。）~~	+
-		+
-	~~□ '''Might''' I ask you some questions?~~	+
-	~~（質問してもよろしいですか？）~~	+
-		+
-	~~可能性や推量の'''may, might'''~~	+

-	~~be going toや willよりも不確定要素を含みます。~~	+	It is more common to use '''can'''.

-	□ ~~Alex~~ '''may ~~be / might be~~''' ~~able to give you a chance to get some part-time job~~.	+	:: □ You '''may''' not go out alone after 10 o'clock at night.
-	~~（Alexがあなたに何かパートの仕事に就くチャンスを与えられるかもしれない。）~~	+	:: □ '''Might''' I ask you some questions?

-	~~□ It '''~~may ~~not~~ / might ~~not''' be true.~~	+	"may / might" express the possibilities and guesses
-	~~（それは真実ではないだろう。）~~	+

-	~~＞＞過去形にするときには'''may /might + have done'''のかたち~~	+	It contains more indeterminacy than "be going to" or "will".

-	□ ~~I can~~'~~t find my umbrella anywhere~~. I '''~~might /~~ may ~~have left~~''' ~~it somewhere last night,~~	+	:: □ Alex '''may be / might be''' able to give you a chance to get some part-time job.
-	~~（傘がどこにも見つからない。夕べどこかに置き忘れたのだろう。）~~	+	:: □ It '''may not / might not''' be true.

-	＞＞ '''~~could~~''' ~~も類似の意味を持ちます。~~	+	In the past tense, we use the form '''may / might + have done'''.

-	□ It '''~~could~~''' ~~be true. （それは真実だろう。）~~	+	:: □ I can't find my umbrella anywhere. I '''might / may have left''' it somewhere last night,

-	~~□ I can't find my umbrella anywhere. I~~ '''could ~~have left~~ '''~~it somewhere last night,~~	+	'''could''' has a similar meaning.
-	~~（傘がどこにも見つからない。夕べどこかに置き忘れたのだろう。）~~	+

-	注：'''~~may be~~'''と'''~~maybe~~'''	+	:: □ It '''could''' be true.
		+	:: □ I can't find my umbrella anywhere. I '''could have left '''it somewhere last night,

-	'''may~~'''(助動詞)＋'''~~be'''~~(動詞)と、不確実性を表す~~'''maybe'''~~(副詞)とを混同しないこと。~~	+	'''may be''' and '''maybe'''

-	~~→ My father~~ '''may be''' ~~outside.~~ (OK)	+	Do not confuse '''may''' (auxiliary verbs) + '''be''' (verbs) with '''maybe''' (adverbs) representing uncertainty.

-	→ My father '''maybe''' outside. (NG)	+	:: My father '''may be''' outside. (OK)
		+	:: My father '''maybe''' outside. (NG)

	==== should, ought to, had better ====		==== should, ought to, had better ====

Admin at 00:16, 29 March 2019

Admin — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 00:16:24 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:16, 29 March 2019
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	→ [[英作文/センテンス・ライティング_(Part_1)/練習問題2【解答】\|解答はこちら]]		→ [[英作文/センテンス・ライティング_(Part_1)/練習問題2【解答】\|解答はこちら]]
-
-	~~== 関連項目 ==~~
-
-	* [http://www.edufind.com/english-grammar/english-grammar-guide/ English Grammar: a complete guide - Edufind]
-	* [http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/ Oxford Dictionaries]
-
-	~~== CAIテスト ==~~
-
-	*[[cai_ja:ENGWRI00010005\|CAIテストのページへ]]
-
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-	~~************************************************************~~
-
-
-	~~=== Exercise ===~~
-
-	~~==== Exercise 1 （Subordinate clause）====~~
-
-	~~Write out the subordinate clause part included in each of the following sentences.~~
-
-	~~# While we were watching the soccer game, it began to rain.~~
-	~~# Do you know anyone who speaks English and French fluently?~~
-	~~# What you are saying is completely wrong.~~
-	~~# We know some people who live in the United States.~~
-	~~# My mother always cooked for us even though she had a full time job.~~
-	~~# Everything that happened was basically my fault.~~
-
-	~~→ [[English_Composition/Clauses\|Clauses/Exercise1_(Answer)\|Exercise1 Answer]]~~
-
-	~~==== Exercise 2 （Adverbial clause）====~~
-
-	~~Choose from the selection groups (a) to (e) and fill in the blanks. Use capital letters as needed.~~
-
-	~~# [<u>______________________</u>] is not too difficult.~~
-	~~# I have no idea [<u>______________________</u>].~~
-	~~# We will arrive the airport by four [<u>______________________</u>].~~
-	~~# The woman [<u>______________________</u>] is a principal of our school.~~
-	~~# We stayed at the beach villa [<u>______________________</u>].~~
-	~~# We rented a car with navigation [<u>______________________</u>].~~
-	~~# [<u>______________________</u>], this road always has a traffic jam.~~
-
-	~~Selection group:~~
-	*(a) whom you met at the graduation
-	*(b) when it snows
-	*(c) so that we would not get lost
-	*(d) that Kim recommended to us
-	*(e) how I got home last night
-	*(f) that you study English
-	*(g) if we leave now
-
-	~~→ [[English_Composition/Clauses\|Clauses/Exercise2_(Answer)\|Exercise2 Answer]]~~

	== Related Links ==		== Related Links ==
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	* [http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/ Oxford Dictionaries]		* [http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/ Oxford Dictionaries]

-	== ~~CAIテスト~~ ==	+	== CAI Exercise ==

-	*<span class="pops"> [[cai2_en:~~ENGWRI00010004~~\|Go to CAI Exercise page]] </span>	+	*<span class="pops"> [[cai2_en:ENGWRI00010005\|Go to CAI Exercise page]] </span>

Admin at 00:13, 29 March 2019

Admin — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 00:13:50 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:13, 29 March 2019
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	（have been waiting / 've been waiting）		（have been waiting / 've been waiting）

-	→ [[English_Composition/Sentence_Writing_(Part_1)/Exercise1_(Answer)\|Exercise1 Answer]]]	+	→ [[English_Composition/Sentence_Writing_(Part_1)/Exercise1_(Answer)\|Exercise1 Answer]]


		+	=== Modals ===

-	~~=== 助動詞の使い方 Modals ===~~	+	With verbs, it expresses possibilities, abilities, permits, obligations, prohibitions, needs, requests, suggestions / proposals, inferences, and so on.
-		+
-		+
-	~~動詞を伴い、可能性、能力、許可、義務、禁止、必要性、依頼、提案／提言、推測などを表現します。~~	+

	==== can, could, (be) able to ====		==== can, could, (be) able to ====

-	~~現在の'''能力'''を表現するcan, 過去の能力を表現するcould~~	+	"can / could" express the current / past capability

-	*例文	+	Example:

-	□　 Mary '''can''' sing, but she '''can't '''play any musical instruments.	+	:: □ Mary '''can''' sing, but she '''can't '''play any musical instruments.
-	~~（メアリーは歌えるけれど楽器は何も演奏できない。）~~	+	:: □ I '''couldn't '''finish my homework lastnight, because I fell asleep.

-	~~□ I '''couldn't '''finish my homework lastnight, because I fell asleep.~~	+	"can / could" express the current / past possibility
-	~~（眠ってしまったので夕べは宿題を終えることが出来なかった。）~~	+

-	~~現在や未来の'''可能性'''を表現するcan, could~~	+	Example:

-	*例文	+	:: □ I '''can''' come and help you this weekend if you want to.
		+	:: □ We '''could''' take a trip if we had enough time and money.

-	~~□ I '''~~can~~''' come and help you this weekend if you want to.~~	+	"can / could" express the current / future request
-	~~（君が望むなら今週末に行って手伝えるよ。）~~	+

-	~~□ We '''could''' take a trip if we had enough time and money.~~	+	Example:
-	~~（私たちに十分な時間とお金があれば旅行に行けるのに。）~~	+

-	~~現在や未来の~~'''依頼'''~~を表現する~~'''~~can, could~~'''	+	:: □ '''Can''' you speak a little slower? I can't keep up with you.
		+	:: □ '''Could''' I have another cup of coffee?

-	*例文	+	"can" expresses the current / future permission

-	~~□ '''Can''' you speak a little slower? I can't keep up with you.~~	+	Example:
-	~~(もう少しゆっくり話してくれる？　解からないんだ。)~~	+

-	□ '''~~Could~~''' I ~~have another cup of coffee?~~	+	:: □ You '''can't''' use my bicycle to go to school tomorrow. I need it.
-	~~(コーヒーをもう一杯いただけますか？)~~	+	:: □ '''Can '''I turn off the TV? I want to concentrate on my homework.

-	~~現在や未来の'''許可'''を表現する'''can'''~~	+	"(be) able to" express the possibility / ability

-	*例文	+	Sometimes '''(be) able to''' is used instead of '''can / could'''.
		+	"can" is more common, but we can only use '''(be) able to'' depending on the tense, because "can" only has the present and the past.

-	~~□ You '''can't''' use my bicycle to go to school tomorrow. I need it.~~	+	Example:
-	~~（明日は学校へ行くのに私の自転車を使わないで。私が使うから。）~~	+

-	□ '''~~Can~~ '''~~I turn off the TV? I want to concentrate on my homework~~.	+	:: □ Mr.Zulch, a German research doctor, '''can '''speak four languages.
-	~~（テレビを消してもいい？　宿題に集中したいんだ。）~~	+	::: = Mr.Zulch, a German research doctor, '''is able to''' speak four languages.

-	'''~~可能性、能力~~''~~'を表現するときの~~ '''(be) able to'''	+	:: □ You won't(will not) '''be able to''' make the connecting flight to Tokyo.
		+	:: □ I haven't('''have''' not) '''been able to''' sleep well in these days.

-	~~'''Can~~, ~~could~~'''~~のかわりに'''(be)~~ able to'''~~を使うことがあります。Canのほうがより一般的ですが、canは現在と過去しかありませんので時制によっては~~'''~~(be) able to~~''' ~~を使う必要があります。~~	+	Also, we use '''was / were able to''' instead of '''could''' when expressing what happened under special circumstances.

-	*例文	+	:: □ The earthquake occurred just after midnight local time, but everybody '''was able to''' escape.

-	~~□ Mr.Zulch, a German research doctor,~~ '''~~can~~ '''~~speak four languages.~~	+	'''could have (done)'''
-	~~= Mr.Zulch, a German research doctor, '''is able to''' speak four languages.~~	+
-	~~（ドイツ人の研究医であるZulch氏は4ヶ国語を話すことが出来る。）＊現在~~	+

-	~~□ You won't(will~~ not~~) '''~~be ~~able to''' make~~ the ~~connecting flight to Tokyo~~.	+	Express what could not be realized despite the possibility.
-	~~（あなたは東京への乗り継ぎ便に間に合わないでしょう。）＊未来~~	+

-	~~□ I haven't('''have''' not) '''been able to''' sleep well in these days.~~	+	:: □ I '''could have gotten '''better grade if I made more effort.
-	~~（私はこのところ良く眠れていない。）＊現在完了~~	+	:: □ It '''could have been''' even worse.
-		+
-	~~また、特別な状況の下で起こったことを表現するときには、'''could'''ではなく'''was/were able to'''を使います。~~	+
-		+
-	□ The earthquake occurred just after midnight local time, but everybody '''was able to''' escape.　（現地時間の真夜中ちょっと過ぎに地震が起きたが、全員避難することが出来た。）＊特別な状況　注：否定形のcould not/couldn'tはこの場合も使えます。	+
-		+
-	~~＞＞ '''could have (done)'''~~	+
-		+
-	~~可能性があったにもかかわらず実現しなかったことを表現します。~~	+
-		+
-	□ I '''could have gotten '''better grade if I made more effort.	+
-	~~（もっと努力していたらもっと良い成績を取れた）~~	+
-		+
-	□ It '''could have been''' even worse.	+
-	~~（不幸中の幸いだった。）~~	+

	==== must, have to ====		==== must, have to ====
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	確実な推測の'''must'''		確実な推測の'''must'''

-	*例文	+	Example:

	□ The weather was very nice during their vacation, so they '''must''' have had a good time.		□ The weather was very nice during their vacation, so they '''must''' have had a good time.
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	現在や未来の義務、必要な行動を表す'''must'''		現在や未来の義務、必要な行動を表す'''must'''

-	*例文	+	Example:

	□ You '''must '''wear a seat belt when you are in a car.		□ You '''must '''wear a seat belt when you are in a car.
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	また、Mustは現在と未来でしか使えませんので過去形のときはhad toを使います。		また、Mustは現在と未来でしか使えませんので過去形のときはhad toを使います。

-	*例文	+	Example:

	□ Julie '''has to''' take her mother to the hospital this morning.		□ Julie '''has to''' take her mother to the hospital this morning.
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	注：'''must not''' (mustn't) と'''don't/doesn't have to'''では意味が異なります。		注：'''must not''' (mustn't) と'''don't/doesn't have to'''では意味が異なります。
-	*例文	+
		+	Example:

	□ You '''must not''' go out now.		□ You '''must not''' go out now.

Admin at 10:07, 28 March 2019

Admin — Thu, 28 Mar 2019 10:07:22 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:07, 28 March 2019
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	:: □ Where '''shall we''' go for dinner tonight?		:: □ Where '''shall we''' go for dinner tonight?

-	==== ~~練習問題１（時制の表現）~~====	+	==== Exercise 1 ====

-	~~日本語の意味になるようにカッコ(　）を埋めなさい。~~	+	Choose from a group of words and answer so that it is correct.

-	#~~私は英語が上達してきていると思う。~~	+	# I think my English （＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿）better.
-	~~#: →~~ I think my English （＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿）better.	+	# The restaurant （＿＿＿＿）at 10:00a.m. and （＿＿＿＿）at 10:00p.m. every day.
-	#~~そのレストランは毎日朝10時から夜10時まで営業している。~~	+	# The tour （＿＿＿＿）very expensive. It （＿＿＿＿）very much.
-	~~#: →~~ The restaurant （＿＿＿＿）at 10:00a.m. and （＿＿＿＿）at 10:00p.m. every day.	+	# We （＿＿＿＿＿＿＿）lunch at the Italian restaurant when Akira （＿＿＿＿）.
-	#~~そのツアーはそんなに高くなかった。あまりお金がかからなかったよ。~~	+	# We （＿＿＿＿＿＿＿）for him more than 30 minutes.
-	~~#: →~~ The tour （＿＿＿＿）very expensive. It （＿＿＿＿）very much.	+	# This is the most interesting game I (＿＿＿＿) ever (＿＿＿＿).
-	#~~アキラが到着したとき、私たちはイタリアンレストランで昼食を食べていた。~~	+	# I went to Hong Kong last year. I （＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿） there before.
-	~~#: →~~ We （＿＿＿＿＿＿＿）lunch at the Italian restaurant when Akira （＿＿＿＿）.	+	# Jim was angly with me because I was late and he （＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿） for a long time.
-	#~~私たちは彼を30分以上待っています。~~	+	# Ann is not home now, I think she （＿＿＿＿） back in half an hour .
-	~~#: →~~ We （＿＿＿＿＿＿＿）for him more than 30 minutes.	+	# “What are you doing on Friday evening?” “（＿＿＿＿＿＿）to eat out with my girlfriend.”
-	#~~これは私がいままでに遊んだ中で一番面白いゲームだ。~~	+
-	~~#: →~~ This is the most interesting game I (＿＿＿＿) ever (＿＿＿＿).	+	Word group:
-	#~~昨年香港に行きました。それまで行ったことがありませんでした。~~	+
-	~~#: →~~ I went to Hong Kong last year. I （＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿） there before.	+	（is getting）（had never been / 'd never been）（opens）（had been waiting）
-	#~~私が遅刻して長い間待たせてしまったのでジムは腹を立てていた。~~	+	（was not / wasn't）（I'm going）（closes）（did not cost / didn't cost）
-	~~#: →~~ Jim was angly with me because I was late and he （＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿） for a long time.	+	（were having） (played)（will be）（arrived） (have / 've)
-	#~~アンはいま家に居ません。30分以内に戻ると思います。~~	+	（have been waiting / 've been waiting）
-	~~#: →~~ Ann is not home now, I think she （＿＿＿＿） back in half an hour .	+
-	#~~”金曜の夜は何をしてる？”　”ガールフレンドと食事に行きます。”~~	+	→ [[English_Composition/Sentence_Writing_(Part_1)/Exercise1_(Answer)\|Exercise1 Answer]]]
-	~~#: →~~ “What are you doing on Friday evening?” “（＿＿＿＿＿＿）to eat out with my girlfriend.”	+

-	~~→ [[英作文/センテンス・ライティング_(Part_1)/練習問題1【解答】\|解答はこちら]]~~

Admin at 09:55, 28 March 2019

Admin — Thu, 28 Mar 2019 09:55:36 GMT

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Admin at 09:42, 28 March 2019

Admin — Thu, 28 Mar 2019 09:42:06 GMT

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Admin: /* Present form and Present Continuous form */

Admin — Thu, 28 Mar 2019 09:41:26 GMT

Present form and Present Continuous form

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